The 2012 Volvo utilizes the OBD2 (On-Board Diagnostics) system, a standardized system that allows external devices to access vehicle diagnostic information. Understanding the specific communication protocol used by your 2012 Volvo is crucial for effective troubleshooting and maintenance. This article will delve into the OBD2 protocol used by the 2012 Volvo, explain how to identify it, and provide further resources for understanding OBD2 systems.
Identifying the 2012 Volvo OBD2 Protocol
All vehicles manufactured for sale in the US after 1996, including the 2012 Volvo, must be OBD-II compliant. While there are several OBD2 communication protocols, by 2012, most manufacturers, including Volvo, had transitioned to using the ISO15765-4/SAE J2480, commonly known as CAN (Controller Area Network).
To confirm the protocol used by your 2012 Volvo, you can inspect the vehicle’s Diagnostic Link Connector (DLC), typically located under the dashboard on the driver’s side.
The presence of pins 4 (Chassis Ground), 5 (Signal Ground), 6 (CAN High), 14 (CAN Low), and 16 (Battery Positive) in the DLC confirms the use of the CAN protocol.
Fig. 1: OBD-II DLC Pinout. The presence of pins 6 and 14 indicates CAN protocol usage.
OBD2 Communication Protocols and DLC Types
While the 2012 Volvo uses CAN, it’s helpful to understand the other OBD2 protocols:
- J1850 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation): Primarily used by Ford vehicles. Requires pins 2, 4, 5, 10, and 16.
- J1850 VPW (Variable Pulse Width): Primarily used by GM vehicles. Requires pins 2, 4, 5, and 16. Notably, pin 10 should not be present.
- ISO9141-2: Used by some European and Asian manufacturers. Requires pins 4, 5, 7, and 16. Pin 15 (L-line) might be present.
- ISO14230-4 (Keyword Protocol 2000): Similar to ISO9141-2, also used by some European and Asian manufacturers. Requires pins 4, 5, 7, and 16. Pin 15 (L-line) might be present.
There are two standardized DLC types, Type A and Type B, defined by SAE J1962. They differ primarily in the shape of their alignment tabs.
Fig. 2: J1962 Type A DLC Connector
Fig. 3: J1962 Type B DLC Connector
Understanding Your Volvo’s Diagnostic System
Knowing that your 2012 Volvo uses the CAN protocol allows you to choose compatible diagnostic tools and software. This enables you to read and clear diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs), monitor live data streams from various sensors, and perform advanced diagnostics. Accessing this information can be crucial for understanding and resolving issues with your vehicle, ensuring its optimal performance and longevity. Consult your owner’s manual or a qualified Volvo technician for specific diagnostic procedures and information related to your vehicle model.
